Iraqi Journal of Natural Sciences and Nanotechnology

Sustainable Bioactivity Enhancement of Ag/ZnO Nanoparticles in Antimicrobial Applications

Sara S. Hamood — 2025-03-21

Due to their unique characteristics, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are well suited for usage in a range of fields, including medicine and environment. In this study, ZnO, Ag, and mixed (Ag/ZnO) nanoparticles were produced by using the pulsed laser ablation method, which is one of the most popular and straightforward techniques to make these compounds since it produces nanoparticles with a high bioavailability and low toxicity. A variety of analysis, such as XRD, UV-vis, TEM and Antibacterial were employed to assess and describe the Nano-products. Additionally, these nanoparticles were used in an antibacterial activity against several microorganisms. The results illustrated the normal behavior of these nanoparticles. Comparisons were made among the products

Antibiotic Resistance and Biofilm Formation of Bacterial Profile Isolated from Postoperative Drainage Fluid of Patients Admitted in Hilla Hospitals in Iraq

Shaimaa Hasson — 2025-03-21

Surgical drains are catheters placed near the surgical wound to remove blood, pus, or other fluid and prevent it from accumulating in the body. These surgical drains are considered the major determinant for development of biofilm forming bacteria. Biofilm is an assemblage of the microbial cells that is irreversibly associated with a surface and usually enclosed in a matrix of polysaccharide material. The aim of this study is to investigate and identify biofilm formation bacteria with antibiotic resistance profile isolated from drainage tube after surgical operative. One hundred piece of drainage tube were collected from November 2022 to March 2023, catheterized inpatients of varying ages and sexes were enrolled in the study. Microbiology diagnosis and antibiotic sensitivity test were carried by routinely laboratory tests and VITEK system. The biofilm formation, detection by Congo red agar. The results that included 100 drainage tube post operation patients of different clinical surgical operation revealed that out of 47 Bacterial growth, 32 (68.0%) biofilm forming bacteria, gram negative bacteria were the most 29 (Escherichia Coli 11, Pseudomonas Aeruginosa 8, Serratia Marcescens 6, Entrobacter cloacae complex 3, Citrobacter freundil 1). While the gram positive were 18 (Enterococcus faecalis 6, Staphyiococcus hominis ssp 5, Staphyiococcus haemolyticus 3, Staphyiococcus epidermidis 3, kocuria rosea 1). The bacterial isolates that generated biofilm on Congo red media were identified by the black coloration caused by the dye's capacity to stain the polysaccharide matrix that was formed throughout the biofilm formation process. A biofilm gram positive and gram negative bacteria (61.1%), (72.4%) respectively, showed that some types of bacteria were very good at making biofilms, while others were not very good at it, and the differences were very big (p<0.05). The current study concludes that in spite of the sterility of drainage tubes in postoperative patients, but they may be considered a source of multi-drug resistance bacterial infection in patients.

Synthesis and Characterization of Some New Bis (1,3-selenazole) from Bis-Selenocarboxamide

Ali Jameel Hameed — 2025-03-21

The synthesis of new bis (1,3-selenazoles) was achieved by subjecting primary bis aryl-selenocarboxylic amides to cyclization with α-bromoketones. The methodical preparation of bis (1,3-selenazoles) was achieved by the primary bis selenoamides with α-halo ketones. Bis selenoamides were gained from the reaction of NaHSe with aryl nitrile. The resulting bis (1,3-selenazoles) has been characterized by different spectroscopic methods; such as ¹H ,¹³C NMR, IR, and mass spectroscopic data to prove the structural formula of the prepared compounds.

Clinical Study and Comparison of Magnesium and Antioxidants Between Mothers and Neonate by ICP-OES and Elisa Technique in Basrah Southern of Iraq

Athraa M. Ali — 2025-03-21

The extent and clarity of the putative maternal and neonatal antioxidant effects related to magnesium intake during pregnancy are currently restricted. Objectives: The primary objective of this research is to investigate the potential correlations between levels of magnesium exposure in maternal and cord serum. Additionally, the study sought to explore any potential links between maternal magnesium exposure levels and neonatal outcomes. The research was carried out in the urban area of Basrah, spanning from March 2022 to July 2022, including two distinct cohorts.: the first was the mother and the second was the neonate. The study included measuring the mother's magnesium concentration, total antioxidant capacity (TAO), and the oxidant malonaldehyde (MDA), and comparing it to the umbilical cord blood, which represents the blood of the newborn. The results indicated that the concentration of (TAO) in the mother is higher than that in the neonate, while the concentration of magnesium in the neonate is higher than its concentration in the mother. Magnesium status is relevant to neonate growth during pregnancy and newborn growth during the perinatal period. Furthermore, magnesium is able to influence neonate programming and disease presentation in childhood or adulthood. In order to study its role in neonate health, this review focuses on the balance of this mineral, analyse its normal values, the causes of hypomagnesemia that causes increased (MDA), and the diseases associated with changes in the value of magnesium during pregnancy. The data presented here clearly indicate an association between magnesium status and disease that begins in utero and extends into childhood and adulthood.

The Effect of Candesartan on Renal Function and Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS) in Hypertensive Patients

Salah Abd Ali — 2025-03-21

Abstract

Nearly half of all strokes, heart failure, myocardial infarction, and kidney damage are caused by hypertension, one of the most important drugs used extensively to treat hypertension is candesartan. In the present study, on a sample of patients with hypertension, the impact of candesartan was examined. The impact of the medication was determined on a number of critical hormones, including angiotensin, renin, and aldosterone as well as the concentration of creatinine, uric acid, and blood urea. The one hundred and twenty individuals who participated in the study were divided into three groups. Each group had forty individuals, group one (G1) (negative control) included apparently healthy individuals with normal blood pressure, while group two (G2) included individuals with high blood pressure who were being treated with a drug other than candesartan; this group represents positive control. As for group three (G3), it included individuals with high blood pressure who were being treated with a drug candesartan. The findings demonstrated that patients with hypertension who were treated with candesartan had lower levels of blood urea, uric acid, and creatinine. With regard to the hormones angiotensin, renin and aldosterone, the results indicated that the levels of these hormones in patients taking candesartan were close to normal levels in healthy people.

Synthesis, Characterization and Properties of Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) Fibers

Mahr Abd Ali — 2025-03-21

From polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-based fiber, carbon fiber is usually made by going through three controlled processes: stabilization, carbonization, and graphitization. In this study, polyacrylonitrile was synthesized by a free radical polymerization at room temperature and characterized by FTIR, and the viscosity average molecular weight was calculated. Then PAN powder was converted to fibers by the electrospinning process, and heat treatment of PAN fiber was done at 280 °C under atmospheric air and at 800 °C under nitrogen atmosphere. The result showed that the stabilized PAN fibers (SPAN) changed in color and the mechanical strength was greater than that of unstabilized PAN fibers (30.4 °C for SPAN and 26.6 °C for unstabilized PAN). The thermal study evaluation was achieved by using TGA and DSC techniques, and the results showed that the SPAN was more thermally stable than PAN fiber. Also, the DSC study has shown that the PAN fiber was melted at 337 °C, while the SPAN was not melted.

Diversity of Culturable Bacteria from Iraqi Marine Water

‪Fadhil Jabbar Farhan ‬‏ — 2025-03-21

The current study focused on the isolation and identification of bacteria from Iraqi Marine Waters. A total of 21 water samples were collected from seven stations within the Iraqi marine waters. The temperature ranged between 13-19°C. The pH values range from 7.5 to 8.2. which revealed that Iraqi maritime waters exhibit alkaline characteristics. The salinity and Total Dissolved Salts (TDS) concentrations were rather high. Their maximum concentrations were 44.1 ppt and 39.5 gm/L, respectively, while their minimum values were 27.4 ppt and 26.4 g/L. The dissolved oxygen (DO%) ranged from 2.01 to 3.37 g/L. A total of 37 bacterial isolates were collected from marine water. Their diagnosis was based on their morphological, biochemical, and molecular characteristics, utilizing the 16SrDNA gene. The Bacillus spp. exhibited a significant prevalence, with a total of 30 isolates. Three strains of Actinomycetes (Streptomyces spinoverrucosus, Pseudarthrobacter siccitolerans, and Kocuria flava) were obtained. One species was identified as Planomicrobium okeanokoites, two species were identified as P. koreense and one species was identified as Desemzia incerta.

Study the Ability of Penicillium Roqueforti in Degradation of Plastic Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE)

Mishaal Ali Mohammed — 2025-03-21

In this study, the fungus Penicillium roqueforte was isolated from the soil and tested for its ability to decompose light polyethylene. Two methods were used. In the first method, polyethylene was mixed with PDA medium at concentrations of 20 mg/mL and 40 mg/mL. The results showed that polyethylene was not a fungus inhibitor, but rather stimulated its growth. The second method focused on the growth elements in mushrooms whose carbon source is contained in polyethylene. Thus, the carbon source in the agricultural medium, PDA, was replaced by a polyethylene material. The rate of inhibition of fungal growth was about 23%. After that, and then again, the modified medium was used to isolate the fungi from several places from the air inside the building where the laboratory is and outside the building as well, and many fungi were isolated from them. "Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus spp, Penicillium spp.Polyethylene was extracted from the Media in which the fungi under study were grown and fungi isolated from the air, for the purpose of its thorough study by using an X-ray analyzer to determine the extent of decomposition of polyethylene. The results of the analysis showed that the fungus was able to break the polyethylene chain material, and the samples were also examined with FTIR and the results showed the ability of the fungus to oxidize polyethylene and thus the results showed the ability of the fungus to rid the environment of polyethylene difficult to decompose.

Uptake of Trivalent Chromium from Simulated Wastewater Using Activated Carbonation of Date Pit Sorbent, Kinetics, and Material Characterization

Basmalh J. Adnan — 2025-03-21

The objective of the current investigation is to determine if it is feasible to capture and stabilize chromium ions in simulated wastewater utilizing trash in the form of date pits. The beginning pH range (3-6), initial pollutant concentration (25-125 mg/L), sorbent dosage (0.5-2) g, and agitation speed (50-250 rpm) were among the examined batch balance parameters. At a pH of 6, a toxin concentration of 25 mg/L at first, and an agitation speed of 250 rpm, the maximum contaminant elimination efficiency of (95%) was attained. For Cr (III) removal with activated carbonation of date pit (ACDP) adsorbent, the sips model was found to be the most fitted isotherm model during batch experiments with a corresponding factor R2 of (0.9996). Kinetic outcomes exposed an acceptable contract among the theoretical and experimental results; the findings were close-fitted with the kinetic model of pseudo-second-order which means that the dominant mechanism during the sorption process is a chemisorption.

Antibacterial Potential of Green Synthesize Gold Nanoparticles Using Pomegranate Peel Extract on MDR Uropathogenic Bacteria

Ziad Salah Muhammed — 2025-03-21

Urinary tract infections have become a public health concern in recent
years due to antibiotic resistance. The purpose of this study is to assess
the antibacterial activity of green synthesize gold nanoparticles on
MDR bacteria. One hundred urine samples were collected from patients
with urinary tract infections, the identification and antibiotic
susceptibility tests of bacterial isolates were achieved by using the
Vitek 2 compact system. The green AuNPs was synthesized by using
extract of pomegranate peel, then detected visually by changing in
color, and characterized by using Ultra-Violet/ Visible spectroscopy
and SEM. The antibacterial activity of AuNPs is determined by agar
well diffusing. Out of 100 urine samples, seventy-three bacterial
isolates were 38 (52%) Gram-negative bacteria and 35 (47.9%) were
Gram-positive bacteria. Among Gram-negative bacteria, E. Coli 26
(68.42%) was the most common species. While the most common
Gram-positive bacteria Streptococcus epidermidis 15 (42.8%). Gold
Nanoparticles were detected visually by changing in color to violet and
characterized using Ultra-Violet/ Visible spectroscopy (UVVis) that
showed absorbance peak (550 nm). Scanning Electron Microscopy
(SEM) analyzer showed the size ranged from (64-76nm) with spherical
shape. The gold nanoparticles have the ability to inhibit the growth of
E. Coli (13mm) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (12mm) bacteria.
Green gold nanoparticles can be used eco-friendlily (more safety, less
toxicity) as an alternative to antibiotics against antibiotic resistance
bacteria.

Synthesis of Ferrous Complexes 2,2-Bipyridine-5,5-Dicarboxylic Acid and Studied for its Antioxidant Properties

Hussein Abbas Khursheed — 2025-03-24

In this study, a new multidentate ligand based on the 2,2’-bipyridine derivatives incorporating diamide functional group were synthesized and their corresponding transition complexe with irone (II) were prepared. The lihgand were synthesized by oxidizing of the precursor compound of 5,5'- dimethyl-2,2'- bipyridine to the acid derivatives which was subsequently converted into the acidchloride derivatives with thonylchloride, then following treatment with the amines, pyridine 2 carboxmaide afforded the diamide-functionalised ligand. The structure of the ligand and the transition complex was confirmed by elemental analysis, NMR, FTIR, UV-Vis, and mass techniques.